Research Article
A Mathematical Model for the Co-infection Dynamics of Pneumocystis Pneumonia and HIV/AIDS with Treatment
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
48-63
Received:
19 June 2024
Accepted:
16 July 2024
Published:
27 July 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjams.20241204.11
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Abstract: The control of opportunistic infections among HIV infected individuals should be one of the major public health concerns in reducing mortality rate of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. In this study a deterministic co-infection mathematical model is developed to provide a quantification of treatment at each contagious stage against Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) among HIV infected individuals on ART. The goal is to minimize the co-infection burden by putting the curable PCP under control. The disease-free equilibria for the HIV/AIDS sub-model, PCP sub-model and the co-infection model are shown to be locally asymptotically stable when their associated disease threshold parameter is less than a unity. By use of suitable Lyapunov functions, the endemic equilibria corresponding to HIV/AIDS and PCP sub-models are globally asymptotically stable whenever the HIV/AIDS related basic reproduction number R0H and the PCP related reproduction number R0P are respectively greater than a unity. The sensitivity analysis results implicate that the effective contact rates are the main mechanisms fueling the proliferation of the two diseases and on the other hand treatment efforts play an important role in reducing the incidence. The model numerical results reveal that PCP carriers have a considerable contribution in the transmission dynamics of PCP. Furthermore, treatment of PCP at all contagious phases significantly reduces the burden with HIV/AIDS and PCP co-infection.
Abstract: The control of opportunistic infections among HIV infected individuals should be one of the major public health concerns in reducing mortality rate of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. In this study a deterministic co-infection mathematical model is developed to provide a quantification of treatment at each contagious stage against Pneumocystis Pne...
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Research Article
Applications of Replacement Model Approach in Management of God- Is-Good Transportation Company
Nwachukwu Ginikanwa Racheal,
Orumie Ukamaka Cynthia*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
64-71
Received:
4 June 2024
Accepted:
28 June 2024
Published:
26 September 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjams.20241204.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: When it comes to replacing the cars in their fleets, transportation companies have a lot of factors to take into account. The age of the cars is one of the most crucial variables because older models typically need more upkeep and repairs, and if possibly replace, which may be expensive both financially and in terms of time. Using God is Good Motors as a case study, the research applied replacement theory in a transportation company to predict when to replace a vehicle using Replacement Policy when Value of Money does not change over time. The study looked at the creation, application, and assessment of a replacement model specifically designed to meet the requirements of God is Good (GIGM) Transport Company, one of Nigeria's top providers of intercity transportation services. The study commenced with an extensive examination of previous research, including current approaches, variables impacting replacement choices, and consequences for both operational and environmental results. On the basis of this framework, a methodical approach is created for creating and executing the replacement model, which includes data gathering, model creation, simulation methods, and validation procedures. The replacement model's practical use within GIGM Transport Company offered insightful information about how to apply abstract ideas to actual situations. The result showed that the average total cost A(n) is minimum at the end of the 6th year and from the next year, that is the 7th year onwards, the value of A(n) increases. Thus, a decision of replacement of the vehicle, would be right to be taken on the 6th year.
Abstract: When it comes to replacing the cars in their fleets, transportation companies have a lot of factors to take into account. The age of the cars is one of the most crucial variables because older models typically need more upkeep and repairs, and if possibly replace, which may be expensive both financially and in terms of time. Using God is Good Motor...
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