DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa

Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi; Yuanxiang Dong; Bianbian Yang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa

Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi, Yuanxiang Dong^*, Bianbian Yang

Published in Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Volume 13, Issue 5)

Received: 20 October 2025 Accepted: 6 December 2025 Published: 27 December 2025

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Abstract

Although digital government holds significant promise for enhancing administrative efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement, its implementation across Africa remains fragmented and insufficiently assessed. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing digital government applications in Africa. The TOE model structures the determinants into technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions, while DANP captures their complex causal relationships and relative weights. Empirical data were collected from 56 experts across 25 African countries, representing government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Results indicate that organizational enablers, particularly training and capacity building, institutional commitment, and change management, exert the strongest causal influence, supported by technological drivers such as interoperability and infrastructure readiness, and environmental factors like government policy support and political stability. The integrated DANP–TOE model provides a comprehensive measurement framework that addresses context-specific realities, offering policymakers a decision-support tool to assess readiness, monitor progress, and design targeted interventions. By quantifying interdependencies among success factors, the study advances theoretical understanding of digital governance while delivering actionable insights for strengthening transparency, accountability, and public service delivery in Africa. This systemic approach highlights the dual significance of institutional reforms and contextual adaptation, positioning the DANP–TOE model as a robust foundation for sustainable digital transformation across the continent.

Published in	Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Volume 13, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
Page(s)	92-110
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Digital Government, Africa, DANP, TOE Framework, Critical Success Factors, Governance Transformation, Technology Application

References

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Chitacumbi, L. K. B., Dong, Y., Yang, B. (2025). DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 13(5), 92-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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Chitacumbi, L. K. B.; Dong, Y.; Yang, B. DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Sci. J. Appl. Math. Stat. 2025, 13(5), 92-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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AMA Style

Chitacumbi LKB, Dong Y, Yang B. DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Sci J Appl Math Stat. 2025;13(5):92-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11,
  author = {Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi and Yuanxiang Dong and Bianbian Yang},
  title = {DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa},
  journal = {Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {92-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjams.20251305.11},
  abstract = {Although digital government holds significant promise for enhancing administrative efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement, its implementation across Africa remains fragmented and insufficiently assessed. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing digital government applications in Africa. The TOE model structures the determinants into technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions, while DANP captures their complex causal relationships and relative weights. Empirical data were collected from 56 experts across 25 African countries, representing government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Results indicate that organizational enablers, particularly training and capacity building, institutional commitment, and change management, exert the strongest causal influence, supported by technological drivers such as interoperability and infrastructure readiness, and environmental factors like government policy support and political stability. The integrated DANP–TOE model provides a comprehensive measurement framework that addresses context-specific realities, offering policymakers a decision-support tool to assess readiness, monitor progress, and design targeted interventions. By quantifying interdependencies among success factors, the study advances theoretical understanding of digital governance while delivering actionable insights for strengthening transparency, accountability, and public service delivery in Africa. This systemic approach highlights the dual significance of institutional reforms and contextual adaptation, positioning the DANP–TOE model as a robust foundation for sustainable digital transformation across the continent.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa
AU  - Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi
AU  - Yuanxiang Dong
AU  - Bianbian Yang
Y1  - 2025/12/27
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
T2  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JF  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JO  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
SP  - 92
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-9513
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
AB  - Although digital government holds significant promise for enhancing administrative efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement, its implementation across Africa remains fragmented and insufficiently assessed. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing digital government applications in Africa. The TOE model structures the determinants into technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions, while DANP captures their complex causal relationships and relative weights. Empirical data were collected from 56 experts across 25 African countries, representing government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Results indicate that organizational enablers, particularly training and capacity building, institutional commitment, and change management, exert the strongest causal influence, supported by technological drivers such as interoperability and infrastructure readiness, and environmental factors like government policy support and political stability. The integrated DANP–TOE model provides a comprehensive measurement framework that addresses context-specific realities, offering policymakers a decision-support tool to assess readiness, monitor progress, and design targeted interventions. By quantifying interdependencies among success factors, the study advances theoretical understanding of digital governance while delivering actionable insights for strengthening transparency, accountability, and public service delivery in Africa. This systemic approach highlights the dual significance of institutional reforms and contextual adaptation, positioning the DANP–TOE model as a robust foundation for sustainable digital transformation across the continent.
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi

College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China

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Yuanxiang Dong

College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Data Factor Innovation and Economic Decision Analysis, Taiyuan, China

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Bianbian Yang

College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Data Factor Innovation and Economic Decision Analysis, Taiyuan, China

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APA Style

Chitacumbi, L. K. B., Dong, Y., Yang, B. (2025). DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 13(5), 92-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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ACS Style

Chitacumbi, L. K. B.; Dong, Y.; Yang, B. DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Sci. J. Appl. Math. Stat. 2025, 13(5), 92-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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AMA Style

Chitacumbi LKB, Dong Y, Yang B. DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa. Sci J Appl Math Stat. 2025;13(5):92-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11,
  author = {Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi and Yuanxiang Dong and Bianbian Yang},
  title = {DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa},
  journal = {Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {92-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjams.20251305.11},
  abstract = {Although digital government holds significant promise for enhancing administrative efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement, its implementation across Africa remains fragmented and insufficiently assessed. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing digital government applications in Africa. The TOE model structures the determinants into technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions, while DANP captures their complex causal relationships and relative weights. Empirical data were collected from 56 experts across 25 African countries, representing government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Results indicate that organizational enablers, particularly training and capacity building, institutional commitment, and change management, exert the strongest causal influence, supported by technological drivers such as interoperability and infrastructure readiness, and environmental factors like government policy support and political stability. The integrated DANP–TOE model provides a comprehensive measurement framework that addresses context-specific realities, offering policymakers a decision-support tool to assess readiness, monitor progress, and design targeted interventions. By quantifying interdependencies among success factors, the study advances theoretical understanding of digital governance while delivering actionable insights for strengthening transparency, accountability, and public service delivery in Africa. This systemic approach highlights the dual significance of institutional reforms and contextual adaptation, positioning the DANP–TOE model as a robust foundation for sustainable digital transformation across the continent.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - DANP- TOE Model to Identify Factors Influencing Digital Government Application in Africa
AU  - Lídia Kassi Bumba Chitacumbi
AU  - Yuanxiang Dong
AU  - Bianbian Yang
Y1  - 2025/12/27
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
T2  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JF  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
JO  - Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
SP  - 92
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-9513
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20251305.11
AB  - Although digital government holds significant promise for enhancing administrative efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement, its implementation across Africa remains fragmented and insufficiently assessed. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing digital government applications in Africa. The TOE model structures the determinants into technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions, while DANP captures their complex causal relationships and relative weights. Empirical data were collected from 56 experts across 25 African countries, representing government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Results indicate that organizational enablers, particularly training and capacity building, institutional commitment, and change management, exert the strongest causal influence, supported by technological drivers such as interoperability and infrastructure readiness, and environmental factors like government policy support and political stability. The integrated DANP–TOE model provides a comprehensive measurement framework that addresses context-specific realities, offering policymakers a decision-support tool to assess readiness, monitor progress, and design targeted interventions. By quantifying interdependencies among success factors, the study advances theoretical understanding of digital governance while delivering actionable insights for strengthening transparency, accountability, and public service delivery in Africa. This systemic approach highlights the dual significance of institutional reforms and contextual adaptation, positioning the DANP–TOE model as a robust foundation for sustainable digital transformation across the continent.
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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